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In the production process of chemical enterprises engaged in stainless steel processing, acids are used for surface treatment, which generates a large amount of pickling leachate containing heavy metal elements such as chromium, nickel, and iron. If these metals can…

During the production processes in industries such as chemicals, pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals, large amounts of wastewater containing nitrobenzene are inevitably generated. This type of wastewater is highly toxic, poorly biodegradable, and chemically stable, making it a hazardous waste under…

During pesticide production, the discharged wastewater often contains high concentrations of phthalic acid and other benzene derivatives. This type of wastewater is complex in composition, highly toxic, and poorly biodegradable. Traditional treatment methods are costly and struggle to achieve both…

In the production of organic acids such as citric acid and lactic acid, the traditional calcium salt method is lengthy, costly, and heavily polluting. As an advanced alternative, solvent extraction method offers significant advantages, but its efficiency depends directly on…

H-acid, as a key naphthalene dye intermediate, plays an important role in the production of acid dyes, reactive dyes, and pharmaceutical synthesis. During its production process, sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid is often used in the acidification step to precipitate…

In contemporary technology and industry, rubidium and cesium, as important alkali metal elements, play irreplaceable roles in advanced applications such as atomic clocks, optoelectronic materials, specialty glass, and energy conversion due to their unique physicochemical properties. However, these two elements…